鼻内遭受任何刺激都可能导致鼻塞。感染(例如感冒、流感或鼻窦炎)和过敏是引起鼻塞和流鼻涕的常见原因。空气中的刺激物,例如烟草烟雾、香水、灰尘和汽车尾气,也会引起这些症状。
有些人总是出现不明原因的鼻塞和流鼻涕,这称为非过敏性鼻炎或血管运动性鼻炎。
息肉、小玩具等物体卡在鼻内或肿瘤可能会导致单侧鼻腔流鼻涕。有时偏头痛可能会导致流鼻涕。
鼻塞的可能原因包括:
- 急性鼻窦炎
- 饮酒
- 过敏
- 慢性鼻窦炎
- 嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎
- 干燥或寒冷天气。
- 普通感冒
- 过度使用鼻减充血喷雾剂
- 鼻中隔偏曲
- 腺样体肥大
- 食物,尤其是辛辣菜
- 胃食管反流病(GERD)
- 肉芽肿性多血管炎
- 激素变化
- 流行性感冒(流感)
- 药物,如那些用于治疗高血压、勃起功能障碍、抑郁症、癫痫发作和其他状况的药物
- 鼻息肉
- 非过敏性鼻炎
- 鼻内异物
- 怀孕
- 呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)
- 睡眠呼吸暂停 — 睡眠期间呼吸多次停止和开始的医疗状况。
- 甲状腺状况
- 吸烟
下面列出了与该症状有关的常见病因。请与您的医生或其他医疗中心的专家配合,寻求更准确的诊断结果。
May 10, 2023
- Rhinitis. American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/rhinitis/. Accessed Oct. 31, 2022.
- Kliegman RM, et al. Allergic rhinitis. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Oct. 31, 2022.
- Peden D. An overview of rhinitis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 31, 2022.
- Nasal congestion and rhinorrhea. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-nasal-and-pharyngeal-symptoms/nasal-congestion-and-rhinorrhea. Accessed Oct. 31, 2022.
- Sinusitis. American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/sinusitis. Accessed Oct. 31, 2022.
- Cold versus flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/coldflu.htm. Accessed Oct. 31, 2022.
- AskMayoExpert. Nonallergic rhinitis. Mayo Clinic; 2021.
- Pappas DE. The common cold in children: Clinical features and diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 1, 2022.
- Health Education and Content Services (Patient Education). The common cold. Mayo Clinic; 2020.